Summary and Outcome Document of G20 Foreign
Ministers’ Meeting Held in New Delhi on 2 March 2023
March 02, 2023
All G20 Foreign Ministers agreed to paragraphs 1, 2
and paragraphs 5 to 24.
Strengthening Multilateralism
Food and Energy Security
Climate Change and Biodiversity
Global Health
Development Cooperation
New and Emerging Technologies
Counterterrorism
Counternarcotics
Global skill mapping
Humanitarian assistance and
Disaster risk reduction
Gender Equality and Women’s
Empowerment
·
Deplores in the
strongest terms the aggression by the Russian Federation against Ukraine
·
Demands its complete
and unconditional withdrawal from the territory of Ukraine.
·
Recognizing that the G20 is not the forum to resolve
security issues, we acknowledge that security issues can have significant consequences
for the global economy.
·
The use or threat
of use of nuclear weapons is inadmissible.
·
We will step
up efforts to make a meaningful contribution for the success of the SDG Summit in
September 2023, COP28 in December 2023, and the Summit of the Future in 2024.
·
They also agreed
that reforming the WTO is key in strengthening trust in the multilateral trading
system (MTS).
·
We are committed
to the full and swift implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity
Framework.
G20 Foreign Ministers met on 1-2 March 2023 in New Delhi
at a time when the world faces multi-dimensional challenges ranging from insufficient
progress towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), climate change, pollution
and biodiversity loss, to economic slowdown, debt distress, uneven pandemic recovery,
growing poverty and inequality, food and energy insecurity and global supply chain
disruptions, aggravated by geo-political tensions and conflicts. G20 deliberations
and macro policy cooperation provide a valuable opportunity for bringing fresh perspectives
and forging durable solutions to collectively respond to contemporary global challenges.
2. Meeting under
India’s G20 Presidency,
with the theme ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’
- ‘One Earth. One Family. One Future’, the G20 Foreign Ministers deliberated upon
current global challenges. They brought focus on strengthening multilateralism,
food and energy security, ambitious climate and environmental action, deepening
cooperation on sustainable development, counter-terrorism, counter-narcotics, global
health, global talent pool, humanitarian assistance and disaster risk reduction,
as well as gender equality and women’s empowerment.
3. The war in
Ukraine has further adversely impacted the global economy. There was a discussion
on the issue. We reiterated our national positions as expressed in other fora, including
the UN Security Council and the UN General Assembly, which, in Resolution No. ES-11/1
dated 2 March 2022, as adopted by majority vote (141 votes for, 5 against, 35 abstentions,
12 absent) deplores in the strongest terms the aggression by the Russian Federation
against Ukraine and demands its complete and unconditional withdrawal from the territory
of Ukraine. Most members strongly condemned the war in Ukraine and stressed it is
causing immense human suffering and exacerbating existing fragilities in the global
economy – constraining growth, increasing inflation, disrupting supply chains, heightening
energy and food insecurity, and elevating financial stability risks. There were
other views and different assessments of the situation and sanctions. Recognizing
that the G20 is not the forum to resolve security issues, we acknowledge that security
issues can have significant consequences for the global economy.
4. It is essential
to uphold international law and the multilateral system that safeguards peace and
stability. This includes defending all the Purposes and Principles enshrined in
the Charter of the United Nations and adhering to international humanitarian law,
including the protection of civilians and infrastructure in armed conflicts. The
use or threat of use of nuclear weapons is inadmissible. The peaceful resolution
of conflicts, efforts to address crises, as well as diplomacy and dialogue, are
vital. Today's era must not be of war.
Strengthening Multilateralism
5. The existing
international governance architecture has played a key role in promoting international
cooperation on global issues. The global order has however undergone dramatic changes
since the Second World War due to economic growth and prosperity, decolonization,
demographic dividends, technological achievements, emergence of new economic powers
and deeper international cooperation. The United Nations must be responsive to the
entire membership, faithful to its founding purposes and principles of its Charter
and adapted to carrying out its mandate. In this context, we recall the Declaration
on the Commemoration of the 75th anniversary of the United Nations (UNGA 75/1) which
reaffirmed that our challenges are inter-connected and can only be addressed through
reinvigorated multilateralism, reforms and international cooperation.
6. The need for
revitalized multilateralism to adequately address contemporary global challenges
of the 21st Century, and to make global governance more representative, effective,
transparent and accountable, has been voiced at multiple fora. In this context,
a more inclusive and reinvigorated multilateralism and reform aimed at implementing
the 2030 agenda is essential. We will step up efforts to make a meaningful contribution
for the success of the SDG Summit in September 2023, COP28 in December 2023, and
the Summit of the Future in 2024. We are supportive of further deepening cooperation
between the G20 and regional partners, including African partners.
7. We recall
the Bali Leaders’ Declaration where
Leaders had reaffirmed that the rules-based, non-discriminatory, free, fair, open,
inclusive, equitable, sustainable and transparent multilateral trading system, with
the WTO at its core, is indispensable to advancing our shared objectives of inclusive
growth, innovation, job creation and sustainable development in an open and inter-connected
world as well as to supporting the resilience and recovery of a global economy under
strain due to Covid-19 and global supply chain disruption. They also agreed that
reforming the WTO is key in strengthening trust in the multilateral trading system
(MTS). Leaders had stated they will continue to ensure a level playing field and
fair competition to foster a favourable trade and investment environment for all.
In addition, Leaders had noted the importance of the contribution of the MTS to
promote the UN 2030 Agenda and its SDGs. They had also commended the successful
conclusion of the 12th WTO Ministerial Conference (MC12), and had committed to seize
and advance the positive momentum by engaging in active, constructive, pragmatic
and focused discussions on WTO reform to improve all its functions, including reform
of the dispute settlement mechanism, on the path leading to the MC13.
Food and Energy Security
8. We are deeply
concerned by the challenges to global food security exacerbated by current conflicts
and tensions. Promoting the availability, accessibility, affordability, sustainability,
equity and transparent flow of food and agricultural products including fertilizers
in all corners of the globe, to fight hunger and malnutrition, is the need of the
hour. Supply chains of both food and agricultural products including fertilizers
should be kept reliable, open and transparent. Promoting efficient, sustainable,
inclusive and resilient agriculture and food systems is necessary to address the
vulnerabilities of the developing countries. Support for increased cooperation in
areas like agrobiodiversity, minimizing food loss and waste, improving soil health,
climate-resilient and sustainable agriculture, connecting local, regional and international
markets, and strengthening Agricultural Market Information System (AMIS), as well
as promoting healthy diets and nutritious foods is essential. Systems that underlie
food security such as water and fertilizers, should be bolstered to ensure sustainable
agriculture and durable and climate-resilient solutions. We reiterate our support
for open, transparent, inclusive, predictable, and non-discriminatory agricultural
trade based on WTO rules.
9. Recognizing
that gender inequality and other factors may lead to inequitable access to food
systems, special attention is required to addressing the food insecurity and malnutrition
of women and girls, communities and people in vulnerable situations, as well as
to unlocking their full, meaningful and effective participation in food systems.
Meeting urgent humanitarian needs, supporting sustainable transformation of agriculture
and food systems to make them resilient and available to smallholder and marginal
farmers, and strengthening the infrastructure, logistical support and innovation
needed to cultivate, store and distribute food, are necessary. We emphasize the
importance of sustainable access of food grains and fertilizers to global markets.
We underline the importance of full, timely, improved and continued implementation
by all relevant stakeholders of the Black Sea Grain Initiative and the Memorandum
of Understanding between Russia and the UN Secretariat, that was brokered by Türkiye and the UN on 22 July 2022 as a package, to reduce global
food insecurity and to enable unimpeded flows of more food and fertilizers to developing
countries in need.
10. Undisrupted,
sustainable, and resilient supply chains are important to ensure affordable, reliable
and sustainable access to energy for all. Strengthening sustainable supply chains
as well as circular approaches and promoting inclusive investments are necessary
to meet growing energy demand. It is essential to advance and improve energy security
and sustainable, clean, affordable, inclusive and just energy transitions; promote
universal, affordable energy access; accelerate adoption of renewable and clean
energy sources; promote smart and clean energy technologies; increase energy efficiency;
enhance transnational and regional grid connectivity; and support impacted workers
and communities.
Climate Change and Biodiversity
11. Mindful of
G20’s leadership role,
we reaffirm the steadfast commitments of our Leaders, in pursuit of the objective
of UNFCCC, to tackle climate change by strengthening the full and effective implementation
of the Paris Agreement and its temperature goal, reflecting equity and the principle
of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities in light
of different national circumstances. We will play our part fully in implementing
the Glasgow Climate Pact, the Sharm el-Sheikh Implementation Plan, and the relevant
outcomes of previous COPs and CMAs, including the call to parties that have not
yet done so to revisit and strengthen the 2030 targets in their NDCs as necessary
to align with the Paris Agreement. In this regard, we welcome enhanced climate actions
resulting from the new or updated NDCs and invite parties to urgently scale up mitigation
and adaptation ambition and means of implementation. We welcome the COP 27 decision
relating to funding arrangements for responding to loss and damage. Noting the IPCC
assessments that the impact of climate change will be much lower at a temperature
increase of 1.5°C compared with 2°C, we resolve to pursue efforts to limit the temperature
increase to 1.5°C. We reiterate our commitment to achieve global net zero greenhouse
gas emissions/carbon neutrality by or around mid-century, while taking into account
the latest scientific developments and different national circumstances. This will
require meaningful and effective actions and commitment by all countries, taking
into account different approaches, through the development of clear national pathways
that align long-term ambition with short and medium-term goals, and with international
cooperation and support, including finance and technology, and sustainable and responsible
consumption and production as critical enablers, in the context of sustainable development.
We recall and further urge developed countries to fulfil their commitments to deliver
on the goal of jointly mobilizing USD 100 billion per year urgently by 2020 and
through to 2025 in the context of meaningful mitigation action and transparency
on implementation. We also support continued deliberations on an ambitious new collective
quantified goal of climate finance from a floor of USD 100 billion per year taking
into account the needs and priorities of developing countries, that helps in fulfilling
the objective of the UNFCCC and implementation of the Paris Agreement.
12. We commit
to strengthen actions to halt and reverse biodiversity loss by 2030. We are committed
to the full and swift implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity
Framework. We urge for increased resource mobilization from all sources, including
from countries and entities, to provide new and additional financial resources for
the implementation of the Global Biodiversity Framework, including to help enable
and support developing country parties, and we also urge for aligning private and
public financial flows with biodiversity objectives.
Global Health
13. As demonstrated
by the Covid-19 pandemic, we are at a critical stage in global health. The threat
of future pandemics is very real, and we must work collectively to institutionalize
and operationalize the multi-sectoral actions needed for health emergencies prevention,
preparedness, and response. Strengthening key aspects of global health architecture,
with the leading and coordination role of the WHO, including our support for the
process to negotiate and adopt a new pandemic instrument/accord and amendments to
the International Health Regulations (2005), support for the Pandemic Fund, improving
digital health, and working together with relevant international, regional and local
organizations, is necessary. We need continued political attention to global health,
achieving and sustaining universal health coverage, implementing the One Health
approach, and combatting antimicrobial resistance. We should also work towards promoting
equitable access to timely, safe, quality and affordable medical countermeasures
for all, including for low and middle-income countries. It is important to promote
open, resilient, diversified, secure, efficient and reliable global supply chains
across the whole value chains related to health. We reaffirm the importance of strengthening
of national health systems by putting people at the center
of prevention and preparedness and equipping them to respond effectively.
Development Cooperation
14. Achieving
SDGs of the 2030 Agenda as well as inclusive economic growth for all are critical
to leaving no one behind. The impacts of current global challenges are increasingly
evident worldwide and felt most acutely by the poorest and those in vulnerable situations,
including women and girls. In this context, international development cooperation
and partnerships, including among the developing countries, based on the spirit
of multilateralism, using all available instruments and mobilizing all possible
resources, an example of which was the concrete deliverables compilation in the
G20 Action for Strong and Inclusive Recovery released at the Bali Summit, can play
an essential role for accelerating progress in effectively achieving the SDGs of
the 2030 Agenda. Development cooperation should be guided by the principle of equal
partnerships, country ownership, tailored to national, regional and local needs
and circumstances, taking into account best practices and guidelines. Reliable,
sustainable, resilient and quality infrastructure investment is important for development
cooperation. Recognizing our shared responsibilities, we underscore the need for
addressing the financing gap toward implementation of the 2030 agenda, through enhancing
innovative financing mechanisms, including blended finance, while noting the importance
of transparency and mutual accountability. We recall the 2022 Bali Leaders’ call
to unlock further investments for the low- and middle-income and other developing
countries through a greater variety of innovative financing, sources and instruments,
including to catalyze private investment, to support the
achievement of the SDGs. We further recall the Leaders’ Declaration’s ask to Multilateral
Development Banks to bring forward actions to mobilize and provide additional financing
within their mandates, to support achievement of the SDGs including through sustainable
development and infrastructure investments, and responding to global challenges.
G20 remains committed to support developing countries in responding to global challenges
and achieving SDGs. We recognize that clean, sustainable, just, affordable, inclusive
and green transitions and economic development go hand in hand. We welcome ongoing
national, regional and international efforts to provide additional financing for
SDGs.
New and Emerging Technologies
15. There is a
growing threat from the misuse of new and emerging technologies for terrorist purposes.
For example, new information and communication technologies have been used by terrorists
for and terrorist propaganda and recruitment as well as planning and execution of
terrorist attacks. To counter such threats, strengthening of international cooperation,
through exchange of best practices, sharing of information and effective mutual
legal assistance is crucial. International cooperation, based on respect for international
law and led by States and competent authorities, supplemented by engagement with
various stakeholders where appropriate, would be most effective.
Counterterrorism
16. Recalling
the Leaders' Declaration in Antalya (2015), Hamburg (2017) and Osaka (2019), we
condemn terrorism in all its forms and manifestations, including those on the basis
of xenophobia, racism and other forms of intolerance, or in the name of religion
or belief, recognizing the commitment of all religions to peace. It constitutes
one of the most serious threats to international peace and security. We strongly
condemn all terrorist acts against critical infrastructure, including critical energy
facilities, and against other vulnerable targets. All acts of terrorism are criminal
and unjustifiable, regardless of their motivation, wherever, whenever and by whomsoever
committed. Effective counterterrorism measures, support for the victims of terrorism
and the protection of human rights are not conflicting goals, but complementary
and mutually reinforcing. A holistic approach on the basis of international law
can effectively counter terrorism.
17. The nature
and scope of linkages between terrorism and organized crime, including trafficking
in arms and drugs, corruption, money laundering and other crimes which may support
terrorism, vary by context, and require effective criminal justice responses. Efforts
to increase the effectiveness of international cooperation should be strengthened
to deny terrorist groups safe haven, freedom of operations, movement and recruitment,
as well as financial, material or political support. The international community
should step up efforts to effectively combat these growing threats including through
enhancing collective measures to counter money laundering and terrorism financing.
We will also step up our fight against corruption.
18. We express
concern about illicit trafficking and diversion of small arms and light weapons.
International cooperation among States is critical to combat these phenomena, including
export, import controls, and tracing.
Counternarcotics
19. Countering
illicit international drug supply chains, including synthetic drugs, is essential
for global health and security, and requires enhanced cooperation, including through
the existing, relevant international legal instruments, to counter the production,
trafficking, demand for and illicit profits from these dangerous substances. Proliferation
of illicit drugs and precursor chemicals should be disrupted at origin, transit,
and destination points. We call for inclusive and strong international cooperation,
free of unnecessary restrictions, towards this end, including on capacity building
and information sharing.
Global skill mapping
20. Digital economy
and green transitions are fundamentally changing the nature of work and leading
to new jobs and tasks. Skilling, re-skilling and up-skilling of the workforce, particularly
under-represented workers, including women, youth and persons with disabilities,
is essential for reaping the benefits of knowledge economy and technological progress
and for ensuring a just transition. Well-integrated workers with adequate skills
benefit origin and destination countries alike.
Humanitarian assistance and Disaster risk reduction
21. We are deeply
anguished by the tragic loss of life and destruction across south-eastern Türkiye from
the devastating earthquakes on 6 February 2023, and stand in solidarity with the
Turkish people. We also convey our deepest sympathy to the Syrian people, who were
likewise affected by the catastrophic earthquakes. We extend our condolences to
the bereaved families. We appreciate the humanitarian assistance already being provided
and call upon members and multilateral institutions to continue providing all possible
assistance for recovery and reconstruction.
22. Humanitarian
assistance and disaster risk reduction, in the face of natural disasters and other
emergencies, sometimes with magnitudes beyond the response capacity of affected
countries, international organizations and other stakeholders is of critical importance.
In this context, there is a need to strengthen international cooperation, on humanitarian
assistance and disaster risk reduction, based on humanitarian principles in UNGA
Resolution 46/182, to leverage competences and capabilities of countries for extending
such support in a coordinated, needs-based manner that complements civilian-led
disaster response in the framework of existing cooperation mechanisms. It is essential
to provide humanitarian assistance guided by the principles of humanity, impartiality,
neutrality and independence.
23. International
cooperation, including cooperation from a variety of public and private sources,
is essential to mobilize flexible and sustainable resources, preparedness and disaster
risk reduction, anticipatory and early action, rapid response and early recovery
activities, as well as building community-level resilience. In addition, global
coverage of early warning systems as well as making infrastructure systems disaster
and climate resilient will protect lives and livelihoods in vulnerable and disaster-prone
developing countries.
Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment
24. We acknowledge
the disproportionate impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic and other crises on women
and girls and their central role in economic recovery and resilience. We reaffirm
the need to put gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls, including
their leadership, at the core of efforts for inclusive recovery, including efforts
to advance women's economic participation, which is critical to economic growth.
We will promote non-discriminatory, unbiased and equal access at all levels for
all women to education, national and international sports, and professional opportunities,
women’s entrepreneurship and leadership, financial and digital inclusion, as well
as the enhancement of social, health, care and educational services. Our efforts
will also include preventing and responding to gender-based and other forms of violence
against women and harassment, both online and offline, as well as overcoming gender
stereotypes and the uneven distribution of unpaid care and domestic work.
(Paragraphs 3 and 4 of this document,
as taken from the G20 Bali Leaders’ Declaration (15-16 November 2022), were agreed
to by all member countries except Russia and China.)
New Delhi/March 02, 2023