RBI Amends Cross-Border Merger Regulations to Align with Companies Act Framework

·         The Reserve Bank of India has notified the Foreign Exchange Management (Cross Border Merger) (Amendment) Regulations, 2026, amending the existing 2018 regulations governing cross-border mergers and amalgamations.

Key Amendments

1. Definition of 'Competent Authority' Introduced

·         A new definition of "Competent Authority" has been inserted.

·         It refers to any authority empowered under the Companies Act, 2013 or related subordinate legislation to approve a scheme of merger or amalgamation.

2. Definition of 'NCLT' Removed

·         The existing definition relating to the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) has been omitted from the regulations.

3. References to NCLT Replaced

·         In Regulations 4, 5, 7 and 9, the term "NCLT" has been replaced with "Competent Authority" wherever it appears.

Significance

·         The amendment broadens the scope of authorities that can approve cross-border merger schemes, instead of restricting approvals solely to the National Company Law Tribunal.

·         It aligns the FEMA framework with the evolving regulatory architecture under the Companies Act, 2013.

·         The change provides greater flexibility for implementation of cross-border mergers and amalgamations approved by any legally empowered authority.

Effective Date

·         The amendments come into force from the date of their publication in the Official Gazette.

Conclusion

The amendment is primarily a procedural and harmonization measure, replacing the specific reference to the National Company Law Tribunal with the broader concept of a "Competent Authority" to ensure consistency with the Companies Act framework governing merger approvals.

[Notification No. FEMA 389(1)/2026-RB dated May 29, 2026]

Foreign Exchange Management (Cross Border Merger) (Amendment) Regulations, 2026

In exercise of the powers conferred by section 47 of the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (42 of 1999), the Reserve Bank makes the following amendment in the Foreign Exchange Management (Cross Border Merger) Regulations, 2018 (Notification No. FEMA.389/2018-RB  dated March 20, 2018) (hereinafter referred to as 'the Principal Regulations'), namely:-

1. Short title and commencement:

(1) These regulations may be called the Foreign Exchange Management (Cross Border Merger) (Amendment) Regulations, 2026.

(2) They shall come into force with effect from the date of their publication in the Official Gazette.

2, Amendment to regulation 2:

In the Principal Regulations, in regulation 2, –

(i)   the clause (vii) shall be omitted;

(ii)  after the clause (ii), the following clause shall be inserted, namely –

“(iia) ‘Competent Authority’ means any authority empowered under the Companies Act, 2013 or any subordinate legislation made thereunder to approve a scheme of merger or amalgamation;”.

3. Amendment to regulations 4, 5, 7 and 9:

In the Principal Regulations, in regulations 4, 5, 7 and 9 for the word “NCLT”, wherever it occurs, the words “Competent Authority” shall be substituted.