Trade Policy Review: Brunei Darussalam

·         Brunei Seeks to Diversify State Owned Oil and Gas based Economy

·         The Brunei dollar is pegged to the Singapore dollar

·         Of these sectors, oil downstream activities witnessed the most remarkable expansion following the completion of a new refinery complex.

·         Brunei maintained a merchandise trade surplus, which increased from USD 2.2 billion in 2016 to USD 3.7 billion in 2023, driven by the increase in the exports of refined oil products. In 2023, goods exports and imports totalled USD 11.2 billion and USD 7.5 billion, respectively. The oil and gas sector accounted for 42% of total exports (nearly 80% when including refined oil products) and for 64% of total imports.

·         Brunei introduced an import permit requirement on all food products in the legislation, thereby formalizing an existing practice.

·         Maximum prices are applied to rice, sugar, powdered milk, cooking oil, and various fuels.

·         SOEs play a critical role in Brunei's economy and dominate strategic areas like the oil and gas sector.

·         In 2019, the Petroleum Authority of Brunei Darussalam was established and is vested with exclusive mineral rights and powers with respect to Brunei's petroleum resources. The largest oil and gas operator and producer remains the state-owned Brunei Shell Petroleum (BSP) by virtue of its control of the major oil and natural gas fields

·         A new refinery complex started its operations in November 2019.

[ABS News Service/28.11.2024]

The fourth review of the trade policies and practices of Brunei Darussalam takes place on 27 and 29 November 2024. The basis for the review is a report by the WTO Secretariat and a report by the Government of Brunei Darussalam.

Executive Summary

Secretariat Report

Govt. Report