US-China Summit Marks Key Effort to Ease Bilateral Tensions

Political scientist Li Cheng says the meetings have importance but they can’t tackle the fundamentals

·         Li Cheng called the summit between Donald Trump and Xi Jinping “extremely important” for stopping the decline in US-China relations.

·         The meeting took place during Trump’s state visit to Beijing, the first by a US president since 2017.

·         Xi urged both countries to be “partners, not rivals” and referenced the Thucydides Trap to stress the need to avoid confrontation between major powers.

·         Xi said China and the US should:

o    Manage differences responsibly,

o    Cooperate on global challenges,

o    Promote global stability, and

o    Build a better future for bilateral ties.

·         Li described the talks as a “remarkable” and potentially “historical” moment after years of strained relations.

·         He cited past flashpoints including:

o    Closure of consulates in 2020,

o    Rising trade and technology disputes,

o    Calls in Washington for economic decoupling from China.

·         Li cautioned that one summit alone cannot fundamentally change the long-term structure of US-China relations.

·         According to Li, tensions are driven mainly by US concerns over China’s growing power and influence.

·         He said domestic political and social challenges in the US have increased American anxiety about China’s rise.

·         Li noted that Trump’s positive remarks about China and Xi could help shift the relationship toward a more cooperative tone.

·         He also stressed the need for US-China cooperation on artificial intelligence, especially regarding the risks linked to the militarisation of AI technology.

 

[ABS News Service/14.05.2026]

The US-China summit is “extremely important” to arrest the downward spiral of relations between the two countries, according to Li Cheng, a leading Chinese academic.

But a summit would not be enough to change the overall structure of ties, which had been fraught for years, Li said on Thursday as US President Donald Trump began the first full day of his state visit to Beijing – the first by an American leader since 2017.

The two presidents began the day with two hours of talks at the Great Hall of the People, where Chinese leader Xi Jinping urged the two countries to be “partners, not rivals”.

Citing the “Thucydides Trap”, Xi called on both two countries to bear responsibility to manage their ties.

“Can China and the US transcend the Thucydides Trap and create a new paradigm for major power relations? Can they work together to address global challenges and inject more stability into the world? Can they focus on the well-being of both peoples and the future destiny of humanity to jointly create a bright future for bilateral relations?” Xi said.

The meeting is one of several Xi and Trump are expected to have this year – a year that Beijing has said will be a big one for US-China relations.

Li, professor of political science at the University of Hong Kong’s Centre on Contemporary China and the World, said the talks were part of a “truly remarkable … or historical day”.

“When we look at the past nine years, US-China relations have gone through a lot of difficulties and even dangers,” he said, citing past flashpoints including the closure of consulates in 2020 and calls in Washington for a complete economic decoupling with Beijing.

But no matter how significant the talks may be, they would do little to dramatically change the trajectory of US-China relations, he cautioned.

“One summit cannot change the whole [direction],” he said.

According to Li, these structural tensions mainly stem from the fear in Washington of Beijing’s “ever-growing power”.

The US had lost its confidence, he said, citing its domestic woes, partisan politics and racial tensions. “So therefore they fear. They are very fearful of China,” he said.

“Whether all the problems and tensions [with] the US will be completely gone? No, [they] will not be completely gone,” he put it bluntly.

But there could be signs of change. Li said Trump had called China a “great” country and had praised Xi as a “great leader”, language that was crucial in shifting the narrative from “treating China as an enemy to treating China as a friend”.

“Donald Trump is the president of the United States. What he defined, what he said, it’s extremely important,” Li said.

“He is a powerful leader, he will want to carry out his own legacy or deliver what he thinks is right and wrong.”

Li also stressed the need for collaboration on artificial intelligence.

“The US and China, as two superpowers in AI, need to take responsibility or a leadership role to discuss these very urgent, very important issues,” he said, referring to the militarisation of the technology.