World Paper Market Slumps as South Africa in Safeguard Action to Stop Inflow from Asia and North Europe

Key Highlights

·         South Africa has notified the WTO of the initiation of a safeguard investigation into imports of A3 and A4 office paper classified under tariff subheadings 4802.56.20 and 4802.56.90.

·         The investigation was officially initiated on 5 June 2026 through Government Gazette Notice No. 3968 of 2026.

Reason for Investigation

·         The application was filed by Mondi South Africa (Pty) Ltd, the major producer of the product in the Southern African Customs Union (SACU), with support from Sappi Southern Africa Limited.

·         The domestic industry alleges that imports have increased sharply in both:

o    Absolute terms, and

o    Relative to SACU production, causing serious injury to local producers.

·         The investigating authority found prima facie evidence of a sharp, sudden, recent, and significant increase in imports during 2023–2024.

Unforeseen Developments Cited

The applicants argue that increased imports resulted from:

·         Global decline in uncoated fine paper demand due to digitization and the impact of COVID-19.

·         Persistent global overcapacity, leading producers to divert surplus output to markets such as South Africa.

·         South Africa's WTO commitments, including tariff bindings and market-access obligations, which facilitated increased imports.

WTO Commitments Highlighted

South Africa's commitments under the WTO framework include:

·         Binding tariffs on printing and writing paper at a ceiling of 20%.

·         Rationalization and reduction of tariff protection.

·         Elimination of quantitative import restrictions.

The applicants contend that these commitments limited the country's ability to respond to import surges through higher tariffs.

Alleged Serious Injury

The domestic industry claims declines in:

·         Sales

·         Output

·         Net profit

·         Market share

·         Capacity utilization

·         Employment

The Commission concluded that there is prima facie evidence suggesting a causal link between the surge in imports and the serious injury suffered by the SACU industry.

Significance

·         This is a safeguard action under the WTO Agreement on Safeguards aimed at determining whether temporary import restrictions are needed to protect the domestic paper industry.

·         The case illustrates how countries may invoke safeguard measures when import surges allegedly cause serious injury to domestic producers, even when imports comply with WTO market-access commitments.

 

[ABS News Service/11.06.2026]

On 8 June 2026, South Africa notified the WTO's Committee on Safeguards regarding the initiation on 5 June 2026 of a safeguard investigation on A3 and A4 office paper imported into the Southern African Customs Union (SACU).

In the notification South Africa indicated, among other things, as follows:

" Interested parties must make themselves known within a period of 20 days after the initiation of the investigation.

Any information that the interested parties may wish to submit in writing and any request for a hearing before the Commission that they may wish to put forward should be submitted within 20 days following the initiation of this investigation to the Directorate: Trade Remedies I at the following address: The DTI Campus, 77 Meintjies Street, Sunnyside Pretoria, Block Uuzaji, Ground Floor, or alternatively the following email addresses can be used: Bmakakola@itac.org.za, Emanamela@itac.org.za or Vsotha@itac.org.za

If part of the information provided is of a confidential nature, the party concerned should give the grounds justifying confidentiality and furnish public summaries of such information, which should be as detailed as possible. In instances that a public summary cannot be provided a sworn statement must be provided stating the reasons why the information cannot be summarized. This requirement is designed to secure transparency and due access by all parties to the information relating to this investigation. If the summaries are not duly provided and in the absence of just cause, ITAC may disregard the information deemed to be confidential."

The notification is available in G/SG/N/6/ZAF/13.

What is a safeguard investigation?

A safeguard investigation seeks to determine whether increased imports of a product are causing, or are threatening to cause, serious injury to a domestic industry.

During a safeguard investigation, importers, exporters and other interested parties may present evidence and views and respond to the presentations of other parties.

A WTO member may take a safeguard action (i.e. restrict imports of a product temporarily) only if the increased imports of the product are found to be causing, or threatening to cause, serious injury.